Averse Sefira - All Fled, All Done

Averse Sefira is no more. Founded in 1996, the band recently decided to fold after releasing four full-length albums, the latest of which was Advent Parallax from 2008. This interview was done in the wake of that same release. While I've seldom listened to the band's records in the past four years, I remember being totally blown away by Tetragrammatical Astygmata when it came out. Will probably have to check tomorrow if it has stood the test of time, although I'm somewhat discouraged by the double-10" format already. Anyway, here's to Averse Sefira!

 

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"All Fled, All Done"

Interview with Wrath of Averse Sefira.

Originally published in Imperiumi.net, March 2008.

How would you go about introducing Averse Sefira to a person who’s already well acquainted with black metal? What does Averse Sefira mean to you personally?

- Averse Sefira is the path to the void, a key to finding divinity within the self, the means to the end. It can sometimes serve as black metal for those who do not like black metal, or else as a key to truly understanding the nature of the art. We are black metal and in the end this is enough.


The US has of course had its share of black metal bands (at least) from the days of Von, Profanatica etc. onwards, but with Leviathan, Xasthur et al. in recent years, there’s been an excess of (mostly one-man) BM bands from the States. Bands like Averse Sefira, Krieg and Absu, however, would seem to share a closer affinity with European bands – because of your dealings with Ajna, you’ve even been considered one band in the “elite” orthodox movement. Anyway, what are your thoughts on the current USBM bands if you compare them to European ones?

- Are we considered elite? I have no way to evaluate such things. But you are right, we are much more firmly aligned with the European movement because our sensibilities and goals resonate with many of those bands. We have been asked repeatedly about the USBM movement and I hate discussing it because to me it draws a distinction between us and the rest of the world. We do not identify with any one location. Wherever our work reaches like minds then we are home. We are also often asked about the one-man acts in the US, and all I can say is that this is not what propels the movement forward. Burzum was effective because Varg was proactive. He did not play live but his impact was certainly broad in drawing an unprecedented amount of attention to the genre through his actions. In general I find that one-man acts are problematic because they operate without the checks and balances of other members and as such the content tends to be random and meandering. Some like that kind of thing, but I am not one of them. I prefer clear intent and obvious termination points in my music.


In an interview with Dragonland from 2003 you stated that European black metal scene owes a lot to the European cultural heritage, whereas there’s no such backdrop for American bands. If you still hold this opinion, would you care to elaborate on it a bit... Do you mean that such cultural heritage “gave birth” to the BM scene in a way, or was BM more an anti-movement against the culture this heritage had brought about?

- I would say it is a little of both. Europe has a vast history and it engenders art and culture that is unparalleled in the rest of the world. Black metal could be viewed as a reaction to this heritage in some ways but look at any band that had something intriguing to offer and the mark of their forebears are obvious. Propensity for music and art are inborn like anything else, so it stands to reason that a land with a lot of history would continue to produce people to whom those gifts come very naturally.


I’ve read some of your tour blogs from the current tour with Rotting Christ, Immolation and Belphegor, and it would seem the saying “no-one’s a prophet in his own land” at least partly holds true with Averse Sefira. With this tour now (almost) over, is it ever a reality shock to go back home after a month’s touring? Would you please give our readers an anecdote or two from the recent tour?

- I wouldn't say that the above adage really applies. We are still working to establish ourselves in the US since we did not have the means or desire to do so until we began working with Candlelight. There are still a large number of people who do not know us here. That, and we cannot be on a line-up with three veteran bands with multiple releases on large labels and expect to dominate. Do not misunderstand my journals; we did well for ourselves in the end but it took a lot more work to win people over than it did for the other acts. This will hopefully change quickly as our level of exposure grows but we acknowledge that there is still more work ahead of us. As for the tour itself, I was reluctant to see it end but at the same time it was actually a relief to get off the road so I could deal with the bronchitis I acquired. I like being at home for the comforts it offers but I also like being on the road for the experiences it brings. I do not have all that many anecdotes from the road as most everything was orderly and the bands were generally well-behaved. I will allow that one of the rites of passage for this outing was to walk in on Serpenth from Belphegor with whatever girl he was with on any given evening. Most everyone managed to do this at least once by the end of the run.


I also understand you walked away from a decent job to go on this tour with Averse Sefira, which is an obvious sign of dedication. Now, hypothetically, if your bandmates would land in the same situation, with a tour just around the corner, would you expect them to do the same thing?

- Of course, and they have done so multiple times. We have all repeatedly sacrificed our livelihoods in the name of this band and we will continue to do so. Jobs are a way to keep food on the table and nothing more.


How do you perceive touring and live gigs in general – its pros and cons? How does touring help you achieve what you aspire for with Averse Sefira? Has it become a mere tool of attracting new listeners (not that there’s anything wrong with that), or are you still able to avoid it getting too much a routine to play live night after night? I mean, for many people a black metal concert is at best a ritual, something that takes the audience (and the band, of course) to the earlier days of man when ritual and music were something totally inseparable from life.

- The pros of touring are mainly getting to be friends with other great bands and meeting a lot of interesting people. The cons are when some shows turn out poorly and the constant exhaustion that comes with being on the road. Touring is also not the best way on earth to make money. At worst it is a way to raise awareness of of our work, and at best it is a ritual communion with those who already know us or those who wish to be indoctrinated. Every show is different, and when it the circumstances are ideal there is nothing routine about any of it. We prefer the nights that wage chaos and create a sense that things may become completely untethered from rational behavior both on ours and the audience's behalf. This is when the ritual exists- when the message sent is the message received and those in attendance are within our thrall.

I don’t want to put you in a bad position, nor am I trying to encourage you to badmouth any of the persons you’ve toured with, so please consider this a more general question... How do rock ‘n roll lifestyle and black metal go together?

- I guess it depends on what you mean by “rock n roll lifestyle”. If you mean sex and drugs I think that those elements are universal in all permutations of rock and metal music. I am ambivalent about both since when I am on tour the journey and the mission are my preoccupations. Some bands could argue that sex and drugs are part of black metal in keeping with indulgence and depravity, but personally I have no interest in such things. Whether or not that makes me more legitimate is of course a matter of opinion. Then again I know many excellent BM bands who drink and philander like the world is about to end so I suppose you'll have to draw your own conclusions.


Let’s talk about your brand new album, Advent Parallax, which is your first album for Candlelight Records. All the earlier Averse Sefira albums, I understand, were more lyric-dictated, but the new album is different in that respect. What lead to such a decision and how did it affect the process of spawning an album? For example, did you ever feel the lyric-dictated approach was somehow limiting or restricting you?

- In the case of Advent Parallax the music came before they lyrics which never happened before in our writing process. The effect was a more holistic approach to writing the music as we did not have a specific lyrical structure to guide us. This taught us some new things in terms of what we are capable of as a band, but in some ways it also made the process more difficult than it would have been otherwise. We will take what we learned and put it to good use but I still expect that the lyrics will continue to chart the course for the music in future works.


You even stated something in the lines that without lyrics you would be somewhat lost as to where to go with the music. What showed you the way through the process this time with the change in the role of the lyrics?

- We still had all the concepts for the album present so it was not like we were without some plan of action. As I said before, we ended up with a more open-ended process that admittedly helped bring in some ideas that might have otherwise been discarded. The issue here is that all of our albums are chapters in a long story. We are a concept band and accordingly we must have those concepts in place before we can create anything new.


The lyrics on Advent Parallax, especially, would seem to be very interesting and really just demand further study. One of the most interesting songs, in my humble opinion, is Viral Kinesis with its solar/fire references and (should I say) illuminated imagery. I think most listeners, like myself, would consider your lyrics to fall into the “intellectual” BM lyrics category. One thing is for sure; the lyrics challenge the listener. How does this affect, in your opinion, the bond between the band and the audience in a live situation? I mean, it’s probably easier to get the audience “involved” with more straightforward lyrics about anti-christianity, or something.

- Averse Sefira has never been a “Satan vomits on you” band and we never will be. We realize that quite a bit of what we do will not be readily absorbed and that some people simply will not rise to the challenge, but we cannot do it any other way, even if it means confounding people at shows. This has become ever more apparent to us after having to open for Belphegor for a month. We write what speaks to us and to do anything else would be disingenuous. We would rather be true to ourselves than pander to an audience with something that is obviously not of us. Also, since when is the nature of mysticism supposed to be transparent and easy to digest? Those who wish to understand are obligated to look deeper and find the meaning within. This to me is what makes our music valuable. We meet fans who tell us what they gleaned from our albums and it is striking how once they manage to reach that point of comprehension then they are able to understand it as we do. And our performances are every bit as violent as our more, shall we say “direct” counterparts, so this covers the necessary distance when it comes to connecting with our audiences.


One of the readings for the title of the album Advent Parallax is that of new beginning, the eve of something new, a new angle to approach things or something in those lines. In your opinion, besides the change in the role of lyrics, has your approach on Averse Sefira changed significantly - since the beginning of the band or since the Tetragrammatical... album, in particular? What about your approach on things ”beyond” Averse Sefira?

- Congratulations! You are the first interviewer who got the meaning of the album's title. But I would not say that we have changed significantly as a band, nor was the title pointing to anything like that. Our concepts and lyrics are multi-faceted and so many meanings can be found within them, but once we decided on Advent Parallax as the title we knew it was the right mission statement for the album. This is in part because we released it on Candlelight which was of course a large step forward for Averse Sefira, and in that regard the title's meaning points not so much to a change in our part but how we would be perceived by the larger metal community. This is of course the most convenient explanation. The more involved meaning comes through the lyrics themselves. Some of our fans might protest (and indeed, a few already have) but to me everything we have done since the first demo has been a direct and logical progression. At this point there are many who insist that we have our own sound, and I tend to agree. Advent Parallax is actually a direct continuation of Tetragrammatical Astygmata and our next album will be a direct continuation of Advent Parallax. As for my approach on things beyond the band, I don't quite know how to answer that except that in many ways I feel relatively unchanged since I first entered the world. I'm a little taller these days, though.


Even though you used Necromorbus again as the producer, as you did with Tetragrammatical Astygmata, the sound is somewhat different. More refined, I’d dare say. I can’t make just comparison for the sound, though, ’cause I have Tetragrammatical only on vinyl, but the sound on Advent Parallax would seem to be sharper, colder and – for the lack of a better word – cleaner. At the same time it is further from the “usual” Necromorbus sound, which I think is a good thing, even though I really love his production-style. Again, was this a deliberate choice, and how would you compare the recording sessions of Advent... and Tetragrammatical...?

- I would agree with your assessment of the sound difference between the albums. Tore [Necromorbus] has recently produced a handful of albums with a warmer and more ”modern” sound and he wanted to see how it would work with our new material and we agreed to try it that way. I am quite satisfied with the results; we did not want to simply do another version of Tetragrammatical. I expect the next album will also have its own sound as well. This keeps things compelling to the listener, or at least to me. And I agree that Tore did a good job in giving us our own soundscape for this album in particular. Then again, there are always morons who will insist until the sun burns out that everything we do sounds like Funeral Mist just because we have Necromorbus producing us.


I’m sorry to go this much back in time, but in an interview from 2001 (Ablaze) you stated that ”There is no prerequisite creativity or inspiration in simply being violent or brutal. For us it is a necessary adjunct, a turbulent foundation used to craft something larger, more spiritual.” I think this is still very well put. I’d dare to say many black metal fans/bands would object to the idea of black metal (and the ideas/ideology behind it) being constructive rather than just destructive. I mean, rather than just being about smashing icons, it’s about reaching enlightenment, for example. How do you see the idea of destructiveness/constructiveness as regards black metal and Satanism?

- Your research is thorough. And what I said was not so much meant as a plea for constructiveness in black metal as much as a refinement of intent. Averse Sefira has always been about building monuments to ourselves and to black metal itself. Even the early works of Immortal, Mayhem, Emperor, or even Burzum would not be regarded as destructive. On the contrary, it is perfectly easy to extol the greatness of evil assuming you understand evil in the first place. We were  compelled to create a black metal band because we were inspired by the way this music communicates ideas and meaning. Much of death metal (at the time, in particular) was stale to us because it was exclusively destructive and offered little outside of fatalism. It is a mistake to confuse constructiveness with positivity; evil itself is a construct of the human conciousness. Who are we to deny it?


How do you see the black metal canon and specifically the recent occultistic/spiritual movement? Do you think such themes and lifestyle are something new (in these proportions and in “media coverage” at least) in black metal, or is this movement more about taking black metal back to where it should all start?

- It is interesting to think that after all these years the genre has finally caught up to us. We were dealing in magickal systems while most bands were focused on Satanism, Nazism, or Nordic themes. Now we are suddenly seeing album after album full of references to hermetic systems and Qaballistiv imagery, along with employment of Enochian texts and the like. I am not suggesting we invented any of this but I can remember a time when we were relatively unique in that regard. I do not have a problem with more bands embracing these elements of course, as long as it is not treated like another trend. Even if it is we will still remain the same after everyone has discarded it. That aside, I would like to recommend that your readers investigate the first Mortuus album, “De Contemplada Morte”. It is one of the best albums from the “new breed” of occult black metal bands.

Alright, we’ve reached the end this time. Any last words you want to shout out to the Finnish fans?

- Yes- listen to more Demilich! And hopefully we will visit your land sooner than later. 

Ignivomous - Death Metal Fundamentalism

In my humble opinion, Ignivomous' 2007 demo Path of Attrition is one of the finest death metal demos of the new millennium. I don't recall what got me to buy the demo in the first place, as I don't remember hearing any advance tracks from it, but what I do remember is that the tape really took me by storm right off the bat. Frankly, I wasn't happy with the 2009 full-length Death Transmutation, but luckily we now have the fresh Contragenesis full-length to obliterate that disappointment, as you can hear yourself. Some really fucking nasty and vicious death metal right there! Bearing in mind that Klemi also interviewed Ignivomous for his Kaleidoscope 'zine, t's fitting to publish this intie now that we're only lay-out short of completing Serpentscope #2. In DIY zine world it might still take a while, though.

 

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"Death Metal Fundamentalism"

Interview with Jael Edwards of Ignivomous.

Originally published in The Serpent Bearer I, March 2008.

The life expectancy of a good new death metal band isn’t very high these days. Every time a new deathstar sparks off in the metal skyline, it dies out as quickly as it came to being. Well, too quickly anyway. And yes, I’m still lamenting the deaths of Sweden’s Kaamos and Repugnant! So here we have Australia’s daredevils Ignivomous who are a new promising death metal band, and still have a good seven years to go if they too opt for a premature burial at the tender age of eight.

As far as metal music goes, Australia is primarily known for its many war metal groups. Ignivomous, however, are closer to pure death metal in the vein of Blasphemy, Incantation, Bolt Thrower, Grave and so on. In fact, the band has made a conscious decision to “maintain a purity of focus and avoid genre cross-pollination” in their music. What would bassist/vocalist Jael Edwards say to people who think this makes Ignivomous musically unambitious and narrow-minded?
 

– To put it bluntly, I would say they’re incorrect. For many, perhaps due to some hidden insecurity or desire to gain “legitimate” acceptance outside the underground, musical progression and ambition seems to encompass incorporating as many non-metal influences as possible, starts Jael and has me nodding fervently.
 

– But personally, I think working within a certain degree of stylistic limitation is better as it makes you, as a musician, work harder on creating something which somehow shows both your acknowledgement of and challenge to the conventions of the genre. The great composers wrote within the context of stylistically fixed concepts like the sonata or symphony, but we don’t criticise them for being less creative than some freeform jazz-improv piece which lacks discipline and internal cohesion.

– Anyway, we write the way we do because collectively it’s our interpretation of all the elements we worship in the DM albums we found so inspiring and which there isn’t a lot of going around these days. Death Metal fundamentalism? I don’t know…

I certainly hope there would be more of that going on. What everyone seems to think is fundamental in Australian metal, however, are the three letters W, A and R, and those usually boil down to savage blackened thrash metal. When speaking of Australian metal, we seldom hear of anything else than war metal. And when we hear someone talking about war metal, it usually alludes to the authentic Australian sort. Come to think of it, “Swedish war metal” just doesn’t sound right, does it.
 

– Yes, Australia – land of beer-soaked Battle-Jackets and Bullet belts. There is an element in which, due to the sheer size of the country, it’s more accurate to talk about regional scenes in Australia, but there is a sort of national metalhead type I guess, offers Jael.
 

– On one hand there is the sort of drunken maniac side and on the other a pretty pronounced broody introspective side born out of the intense isolation and boredom of living on the edge of the world. People have this impression of Australia as very scenic but everyone I know grew up in a concrete wasteland remarkable because it is so totally featureless and flat. Melbourne is a fairly gritty industrial city for the most part – think big areas of decaying warehouses rather than nice beaches and coral reefs. I think a lot of the character of Australian metal grew out of that sense of being in the middle of nowhere – the combination of drunken irreverence with neurotic obsession with morbid subjects. On that level, I think Ignivomous members are fairly “Australian” in person at least. Straight-up but pretty eccentric.


DEATH LAUGHS AT OUR PRIDE

Many metal fans consider mainstream attraction the worst thing that has happened to metal in recent years, as though you couldn’t or shouldn’t like a band thousands of other people like. As far as I’m concerned, the worst thing that’s happened to metal are the polished crossover bands that make use of a metal-like riffing technique. And by the way, I’m not only referring to all those sugary American metal boy bands out there, because there are others. And they’re even worse. You know, the bands that sound easily categorizable and straightforward enough, but can’t be put in one box or another in the end. What I’m arguing here is that, in my opinion, purity does indeed have intrinsic value in metal! Or what say you, Jael?
 

– I agree totally, both on a level of aesthetics and music. The things which drew me to metal in the first place certainly aren’t represented by suburban hardcore kids singing about how mum doesn’t love them enough. It’s totally alien to me, and the people it attracts I’m happy to avoid.
 

– Outside of our own music, I’m fairly broad in my tastes with respect to genre, but fairly narrow in terms of atmosphere – I like a lot of military industrial, power electronics, neo-folk etc. Even within metal I like a fair few “left-field” acts. But I think the unifying feature is that they share a quality of being powerful and evocative, and an aesthetic sense drawing on horror, madness, tragedy etc.
 

– So for me, it’s more important that there is that dark feeling to metal, and other music I like tends to be the same. Which is why for example I think Sol Invictus is heavier than any of those bands you refer to, despite the fact that one uses all the surface trappings of metal and the other is all acoustic. Passion and integrity go further than loudness and teen angst for me anyway, retorts Jael.

Believe you me, I’m not saying that openmindedness and metal are mutually exclusive. I mean, we do have fairly convincing statements from the other end of the scales as well, like that from the founder of Australia’s Atomizer, Jason Healey, who said in Oaken Throne zine #2 that “to limit yourself is boring. I think that to exist within some predetermined confines is even more tedious. If your favourite band is Possessed and your goal is to work within the confines of what they created, why bother?” How about you Jael, would you say this is what you’re doing in a way, taking someone else’s musical vision and putting your name on it? How would you define “progress” in the case of death metal and Ignivomous?
 

– I guess this is putting the case from the other angle. Anyway, death metal is a fairly broad genre – there is a lot of rich ground which hasn’t been repeated ad nauseam. What we’ve interpreted our standpoint to be is to channel the FEELING death metal gave us in those early days, not to mimic or plagiarise our forebears. So on that level our progression will be to become more adept at our songwriting to nail that ratio between aggressive fast riffs, slow doomy parts and lead work that combine to create that sensation classic DM always gave us – dread and violence intertwined.
 

– At any rate, although I enjoyed Heresy Zine when it was going, I’ve never been an Atomizer fan.

Fair enough. What comes to your mind when you hear the phrase “progressive death metal” uttered out loud?
 

– As long as the word “Pestilence” is uttered next I can let it pass. Otherwise I get mental images of beardy guys in shorts and sandals playing 10-string basses and have to go put on VON to recover, serves Jael.

Rest assured, Ignivomous aren’t progressive death metal. Starting from a good classical death metal moniker Ignivomous, which means “vomiting fire,” the band has every intention to strike a chord with those who still enjoy their death metal straight up. Like Jael says, the name already “conjures images of a violent eruption of fire from the subterranean depths, or perhaps huge cannons or something.” The band states on their Myspace site that what they recognize as death metal should be “devoid of influences from grind, slam and gore.”
 

– In terms of what I like in DM, it’s about the churning hellish atmosphere – the sense of being alternately nailed into the ground and filled with unholy power, declares Jael when asked to give his opinion of what mentally and psychologically defines death metal.

It is the opinion of many that death metal is meant to praise death, because without death there would be no real life, thus praising death is praising life – “to welcome death is to embrace life.” Others elucidate that dealing with topics most people would consider ghastly and brutal makes you more aware of what a human essentially is – a beast, an animal striving for survival. This in turn helps you to a better understanding of yourself. Of course this line of reasoning could be continued to more elaborate, intellectual and abstract ideas. In broad terms, Jael is happy to accept my summary of the meanings of death metal on the ideological and lyrical levels.
 

– That’s a very good summary. I like the old idea of “Momento Mori” – small macabre items kept on a scholar’s desk to remind him that death laughs at his pride, concurs Jael before falling into a rant about the current state of the human beast.
 

– I’ve always been fascinated by the human beast “in extremis” – the bizarre highs and lows that human psychology can bring people to. The idea of Hubris – the pride which leads to being humbled by the gods – seems to apply to all the idealists who pledge belief to progress, equality etc. Day by day, as the world reverts to a regime of naked force and gross sensuality their treasured belief in the holy nature of man as a spiritual being is becoming a laughing-stock. The more people have tried to impose utopia the more brutal the outcome has become, as any number of “Year Zero” experiments throughout the twentieth century have bourne witness to. The degree to which this is tragic, or to be exact any more tragic than the rest of human history with its sowing the fields with salt and carrying off the women into slavery, is dependant on how much you believe in the idea that we are any less barbaric than our forefathers.
 

– A sane man, in my view anyway, must build the bridge between his capacity for brutality and creation – ideally anyway, destruction can be a purging and cathartic instinct. There is a quote from a play about the Marquis De Sade by Peter Weiss I like – “Man is by nature a destroyer, but if he destroys and does not enjoy it, he becomes a machine.” We exist in a situation which is inherently destructive, by our very being, yet so many people cling to the illusion that their token efforts constitute sainthood. That while being a leech every bit as bloated and filthy as any other, in kind despite differences in degree, making token gestures aimed at moral superiority as much as any real effect, that they aren’t drowning in the same sewer as the rest of us.

– So, in answer, what the interpretation of death metal I carry with me is, it’s that idea of radical Nihilism. A reduction of all moral categories to the level of first principles, the first principle of human existance, as history bears out, being violence in attack and defense. In death metal, black metal and the darker end of industrial music you see a desire to confront that human abyss, purge all the hypocrisy and idiocy of the modern world – more often than not it’s a sort of morbid twitch, a Nihilistic urge to destroy which goes nowhere. Even in itself that’s something valuable I think. But often it’s used as a starting point for a person to build something useful for themselves in terms of their personal development.and as the saying goes, a house built on sand will fall, a house built on rock will endure. To start from the observation of the human being being a beast of conflict can only be healthier than assuming an artificial benevolence, concludes Jael.



THE MANOWAR MOMENTS OF DEATH

As I already mentioned Atomizer, and since we’re talking about the ideological side of death metal, I have to bring up the Atomizer song title When I Die, I Wanna Die Violently. Would Jael agree with the line “What could be more mundane than dying of old age”? Or to paraphrase one of the few stand-up comedians I’ve ever found entertaining, George Carlin: “Die big! You don’t wanna just pass away. You don’t wanna end up a euphemism.”
 

– Maybe dying choking on vomit (Cant dust for vomit!), cracking your head on the pavement in a street brawl, car crash... all the metal clichés. It’s romantic enough to imagine some sort of heroic last stand situation, but what are the odds? Goes back to the idea of death metal as realism – all the people I’ve known to die violently didn’t have any sort of Manowar moment – they bled to death on the pavement or in the back of an ambulance going in and out of conciousness. Mundane because they didn’t finish whatever it was they were working on – uncompleted masterpieces are mundane!
 

– Personally, I think being a bizarre old eccentric would be pretty cool. Some gnarled old greybeard living off in the hills in a ricketty tower full of books, that’ll be me, sketches Jael.

So I take it that Ignivomous aren’t going away anytime soon either. Besides proving themselves to be one of the best newcomers in death metal this side of the Y2K, the band also offers their listeners a bunch of interesting lyrics. Let’s take the song Psychic Murder, for example, the title of which I was stupid enough to think either referred to someone killing people for “no apparent reason” or the murder of minds and psyche by organized religion. Eh, wrong. Jael enlightens that often the band’s drummer Chris will suggest a song title which will set him off on some weird tangent, probably not what was initially intended. What is the weird tangent on “psychic murder” then?
 

– That was inspired by a series of conversations Chris and myself were having about our interest in parapsychology and Astral travel, general weird science subjects. Various experiments in controlled dreaming under the influence of psychedelics. The idea that an able sorceror could influence a subject through manipulation of dreams and therefore kill with an “Astral Dagger.” Poisoning the Aura of another while they sleep, or influencing their waking decisions through suggestion. For the most part I think the psycho/serial killer angle has been done to death and it’s not a field that interests me a great deal beyond a superficial morbid curiosity. Most of the time such creatures are just pretty pathetic individuals acting out their own inner crucifixion.